Practice Final
Try taking this practice test without looking at the answers. These questions are similar to what will be on the final.
Strings
The program just_alphas.py should take a string input and return all the
lower-case letters followed by the upper-case letters.
Example
python just_alphas.py 'I study at BYU.'
studyatIBYU
python just_alphas.py 'Name: Shane Reese'
amehaneeeseNSRFor each implementation of just_alphas.py, indicate whether it is a valid
implementation or not.
A
import sys
def just_alphas(text):
lowers = []
uppers = []
for word in text.split():
if word[0].islower():
lowers.append(word)
elif word[0].isupper():
uppers.append(word)
return ' '.join(lowers) + ' '.join(uppers)
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(just_alphas(sys.argv[1]))False - This answer splits the string based on words and then only looks at the first letter of each word to find lowercase and uppercase letters. It also puts a space in between each letter.
B
import sys
def just_alphas(text):
lowers = ''
uppers = ''
for letter in text:
if letter.islower():
lowers += letter
elif letter.isupper():
uppers += letter
return lowers + uppers
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(just_alphas(sys.argv[1]))C
import sys
def just_alphas(text):
new_text = ''
for letter in text:
if letter.islower():
new_text += letter
else:
new_text += letter.upper()
return new_text
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(just_alphas(sys.argv[1]))False - This answer adds each letter in the order they are found, instead of putting the uppercase letters at the end.
D
import sys
def just_alphas(text):
lowers = ''
uppers = ''
for word in text.split():
for letter in word:
if letter.isalpha():
if letter.isupper():
uppers += letter
if letter.islower():
lowers += letter
return lowers + uppers
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(just_alphas(sys.argv[1]))replace
Write a program that replaces all ! with ? within a string.
A
import sys
def fix(text):
new = ''
for c in text:
if c == '!':
new += c
else:
new += '?'
return new
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(fix(sys.argv[1]))False - This answer replaces everything that isn’t ! with ?
B
import sys
def fix(text):
new = ''
for c in text:
if c != '!':
new += c
else:
new += '?'
return new
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(fix(sys.argv[1]))C
import sys
def fix(text):
new = ''
for c in text.split():
if c == '!':
c = '?'
new += c
return new
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(fix(sys.argv[1]))False - This answer looks at every word (separated by spaces) instead of each
character. As a result, it only replaces the ! when it is surrounded by spaces;
e.g. one ! two becomes one?two. It also removes all the spaces.
D
import sys
def fix(text):
return text.replace('!','?')
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(fix(sys.argv[1]))Words
Which program executions are possible given this code?
words.py
import sys
def strip_punct(word):
return word.strip('.,?!')
def main(text):
for word in text.split():
for v in 'aeiou':
if v in word:
word = strip_punct(word)
print(word)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1])A
python words.py 'Dr. Bean likes cheese.'
Dr.
Bean
likes
cheeseB
python words.py 'I took CS110 from Dr. Page.'
I
took
CS110
from
Dr
PageFalse - Only words with vowels should be stripped, not Dr.
C
python words.py 'Do you have chocolate?'
do
you
have
chocolateFalse - The solution is not supposed to modify the casing of words.
D
python words.py 'Which do you prefer: 3.1415 or apple?'
Which
do
you
prefer:
3.1415
or
appleFiles
Select each program that replaces the substring “cat” with “dog” in the input file and writes the result to the output file.
Handle both “Cat” and “cat”.
Example
python no_cats.py input.txt output.txtinput.txt
Catch that cat!output.txt (after the program runs)
Dogch that dog!A
import sys
def read(filename):
with open(filename) as file:
return file.read()
def write(outputfile, content):
with open(outputfile, 'w') as file:
file.write(content)
def main(inputfile, outputfile):
content = read(inputfile)
new_words = []
for word in content.split():
if 'cat' in word:
word = 'dog'
elif 'Cat' in word:
word = 'Dog'
new_words.append(word)
new_content = ' '.join(new_words)
write(outputfile, new_content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])False - This replaces “Catch” with “Dog”.
B
import sys
def readlines(filename):
with open(filename) as file:
return file.readlines()
def writelines(outputfile, lines):
with open(outputfile, 'w') as file:
file.writelines(lines)
def no_cat(line):
new_line = line.replace('cat', 'dog')
new_line = new_line.replace('Cat', 'Dog')
return new_line
def main(inputfile, outputfile):
lines = readlines(inputfile)
new_lines = []
for line in lines:
new_lines.append(no_cat(line))
writelines(outputfile, new_lines)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])C
import sys
def read(filename):
with open(filename) as file:
return file.read()
def write(outputfile, content):
with open(outputfile, 'w') as file:
file.write(content)
def main(inputfile, outputfile):
content = read(inputfile)
content = content.replace('cat', 'dog').replace('Cat', 'Dog')
write(outputfile, content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])D
import sys
def readlines(filename):
with open(filename) as file:
return file.readlines()
def writelines(outputfile, lines):
with open(outputfile, 'w') as file:
file.writelines(lines)
def main(inputfile, outputfile):
lines = readlines(inputfile)
for line in lines:
line.replace('Cat', 'Dog')
line.replace('cat', 'dog')
writelines(outputfile, lines)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])False - line.replace() doesn’t change the line. Instead, it returns a
new version of the line. To save the modified line, you need to store the
return value of replace() in a variable.
zip
Which options demonstrate a possible execution of the program match.py?
match.py
import sys
def main(word1, word2):
compared = ''
for w1, w2 in zip(word1, word2):
if w1 == w2:
compared += '!'
else:
compared += '*'
print(compared)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])A
python match.py smith spits
!*!!*B
python match.py banana abacus
!!*!*!False - this output shows whether each letter of “banana” is in “abacus”
C
python match.py short shortly
!!!!!**False - zip ends with the shortest sequence (i.e. “short”)
D
python match.py match batches
*!!!!Mapping
Consider the following program:
subs.py
import sys
def substitute(text, substitutions): ...
def main(text):
items = {
"one": "1",
"two": "2",
"three": "3",
"four": "4",
"five": "5",
"six": "6",
"seven": "7",
"eight": "8",
"nine": "9",
"ten": "10"
}
print(substitute(text, items))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1])Select all of the following implementations of substitute that can produce the
following execution:
python subs.py 'Two plus two equals five! (For large values of two.)'
2 plus 2 equals 5 for large values of 2A
def substitute(text, substitutions):
new_text = ''
for word in text.split():
if word in substitutions:
new_text += substitutions[word]
else:
new_text += word
return new_textFalse - This leaves out the spaces between words.
B
def substitute(text, substitutions):
new_words = []
for word in text.lower().split():
word = word.strip('.,!?()')
if word in substitutions:
word = substitutions[word]
new_words.append(word)
return ' '.join(new_words)C
def substitute(text, substitutions):
new_words = []
for word in text.lower().strip('.,!?()').split():
if word in substitutions:
new_words.append(substitutions[word])
else:
new_words.append(word)
return ' '.join(new_words)False - This only strips the punctuation from the beginning and end of the text, not each individual word.
D
def substitute(text, substitutions):
new_words = []
for word in text.split():
key = word.lower().strip('.,!?()')
if key in substitutions:
new_words.append(substitutions[key])
else:
new_words.append(word)
return ' '.join(new_words)False - This preserves the casing and punctuation of words that aren’t in the dictionary.
E
def substitute(text, substitutions):
new_text = ''
for word in text:
if word in substitutions:
new_text += substitutions[word]
else:
new_text += word
return new_textFalse - This looks at individual characters, not words.
F
def substitute(text, substitutions):
new_words = []
for word in text.split():
word = word.lower().strip('.,!?()')
if word in substitutions:
new_words.append(substitutions[word])
else:
new_words.append(word)
return ' '.join(new_words)G
def substitute(text, substitutions):
for key, value in substitutions.lower().strip('.,!?()').items():
text = text.replace(key, value)
return textFalse - You can’t call lower() and strip() on a dictionary.
Counting
We haven’t discussed range during Winter 2024. You can skip this problem.
Given the program:
counts.py
import sys
def count_digits(text): ...
def main(text):
counts = count_digits(text)
print(counts)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1])
Which of the following implementations of count_digits can produce the
following execution:
python counts.py 'The first 10 digits of Euler's Number (e) are 2.7182818285'
{0: 1, 1: 3, 2: 3, 3: 0, 4: 0, 5: 1, 6: 0, 7: 1, 8: 4, 9: 0}A
def count_digits(text):
counts = {}
for i in range(0, 9):
counts[i] = 0
for letter in text:
if letter.isdigit():
counts[letter] += 1
return countsFalse - This code leaves out the 9, because range(0, 9) stops at 8.
B
def count_digits(text):
counts = {}
for letter in text:
if letter.isdigit():
key = int(letter)
if key not in counts:
counts[key] = 0
counts[key] += 1
return countsFalse - This version does not initialize counts for all digits 0-9 to zero.
C
def count_digits(text):
counts = {}
for i in range(10):
counts[i] = 0
for letter in text:
if letter.isdigit():
counts[int(letter)] += 1
return countsD
def count_digits(text):
counts = {}
for letter in text.isdigit():
if letter not in counts:
counts[letter] = 0
counts[letter] += 1
return countsFalse - text.isdigit() returns a boolean, and you can’t iterate over a
boolean.
E
def count_digits(text):
counts = {}
for i in range(10):
counts[i] = 0
for letter in text:
if letter.isdigit() not in counts:
counts[letter] = 0
counts[letter] += 1
return countsFalse - letter.isdigit() returns a boolean; this code checks whether the
boolean is a key in the dictionary, not the digit
Grouping
Given the following program:
group_words.py
import sys
def make_groups(text): ...
def main(text):
groups = make_groups(text)
print(groups)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1])Which implementations of make_groups can produce the following output?
python group_words.py 'Even these eat seven cheeses and sneeze'
{2: ['even', 'these', 'seven'],
1: ['eat'],
3: ['cheeses', 'sneeze'],
0: ['and']}A
def make_groups(text):
groups = {}
for word in text.lower().split():
key = 0
for letter in word:
if letter == 'e':
key += 1
if key not in groups:
groups[key] = []
groups[key].append(word)
return groupsB
def make_groups(text):
groups = {}
for word in text.split():
key = 0
for letter in word:
if letter.lower() == 'e':
key += 1
if key not in groups:
groups[key] = [word.lower()]
else:
groups[key].append(word.lower())
return groupsC
def make_groups(text):
groups = {}
for word in text:
key = len(word)
if key not in groups:
groups[key] = [word]
else:
groups[key].append(word)
return groupsFalse - This code groups words by their length, not the number of es.
D
def make_groups(text):
groups = {}
for word in text.split():
new_word = ''
for letter in word:
if letter.lower() == 'e':
new_word += letter
key = len(new_word)
if key not in groups:
groups[key] = []
groups[key].append(word.lower())
return groupsTo Consider 🤔
Which code blocks are easier to identify as valid or invalid?
What qualities or patterns do the easier blocks have in common?
If you want to write code that makes it easy to determine whether it does the right thing or not, which code blocks do you want to model after?
Go, and do thou likewise.